Cardiology/Vascular

Creative Commons images

A Case Report of May-Thurner Syndrome Identified on Abdominal Ultrasound

Michelle Brown, DO*, Edmund Hsu, MD*, Christopher McCoy, MD* and Matthew Whited, MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8C64K Issue 7:3[mrp_rating_result]
The patient initially received a venous doppler ultrasound that showed no evidence of a right or left femoropopliteal venous thrombus. Due to the high suspicion of a DVT given the symmetric swelling to the entire limb and acute onset of pain, a CTV was ordered. The transverse view of the CTV showed chronic thrombotic occlusion of the proximal left common iliac vein associated with compression from the right common iliac artery (figure 1, transverse image of CTA), as well as thrombotic occlusion of the left internal iliac vein tributary and corresponding left ascending lumbar vein. Given the previously mentioned clinical context, these features suggested the diagnosis of May-Thurner syndrome.
Cardiology/VascularVisual EM

3rd-Degree Atrioventricular Block

Patrick Meloy, MD*, Dan Rutz, MD^ and Amit Bhambri, MD†

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8NP9S Issue 7:2[mrp_rating_result]
At the end of this oral board session, examinees will: 1) demonstrate ability to obtain a complete medical history including detailed cardiac history, 2) demonstrate the ability to perform a detailed physical examination in a patient with cardiac complaints, 3) investigate the broad differential diagnoses which include acute coronary syndrome (ACS), electrolyte imbalances, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident, aortic dissection and arrhythmias, 4) obtain and interpret the cardiac monitor rhythm strip to identify complete heart block, 5) list the appropriate laboratory and imaging studies to differentiate arrhythmia from other diagnoses (complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, magnesium level, EKG, troponin level, chest radiograph), 6) identify a patient with complete heart block and manage appropriately (administer IV atropine, attempt transcutaneous pacing, place a transvenous pacemaker, emergent consultation with interventional cardiology), 7) provide appropriate disposition to intensive care after consultation with interventional cardiologist.
Cardiology/VascularCertifying Exam Cases
Creative Commons images

Unravelling the Mystery of a Continuous Coil: A Case Report

Ryan Brown, MD*, Sharon Kim, PhD^ and Robert Tennill, MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8PM00 Issue 7:2[mrp_rating_result]
A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast for evaluation of new onset abdominal pain and distension was obtained in the emergency department. The axial view (CT Image A) shows the coil pack from the prior coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration procedure, seen in the left renal vein and gastric varix (red arrow). The path of the coil (yellow arrow) is continuous into the inferior vena cava (CT Image B). It is then seen (CT Image C) situated in the right ventricle (green arrow). Finally, the coil pack is seen in a coronal section, demonstrating its upward path (blue arrow) in the inferior vena cava. (CT Image D). Additional findings included ascites with advanced cirrhosis. As noted in the CT images, a vascular embolization coil was seen within a varix near the junction of the left renal vein. This appeared to have unraveled and extended superiorly into the inferior vena cava and ultimately into the right atrium and right ventricle.
Cardiology/VascularVisual EM

Principles of Hypotensive Shock: A Video Introduction to Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies

Brittany MacDonald, BA*, Nicholas MacDonald, BA*, Jacob Garcia, BS*, Xiao Chi Zhang, MD, MS^ and Dimitrios Papanagnou, MD, MPH^

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8MS84 Issue 7:1[mrp_rating_result]
By the end of this module, participants should be able to: 1) review basic principles of cardiovascular physiology; 2) describe the 4 general pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypotensive shock; 3) recognize various etiologies for each mechanism of hypotensive shock; 4) recognize differences in the clinical presentation of each mechanism of hypotensive shock; 5) cite the basic approach to treatment for each mechanism of hypotensive shock.
Cardiology/VascularLectures

A Lecture to Teach an Approach and Improve Resident Comfort in Leading Resuscitation of Young Infants in the Emergency Department

Anne Whitehead, MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8H36J Issue 7:1[mrp_rating_result]
By the end of this lecture, participants should be able to: 1) apply a consistent approach to the initial resuscitation of a critically ill young infant in the emergency department; 2) select appropriate medications and equipment for use in resuscitation of critically ill young infants; 3) describe the components of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle,6 which can be used to identify critically ill infants and children; 4) improve comfort in resuscitating young infants in the emergency department.
PediatricsCardiology/VascularLectures
Creative Commons images

Initial Management and Recognition of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease, A Case Report

Ashley Hope, BA*, Alisa Wray, MD, MAEd* and Graham Stephenson, MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J87M0Z Issue 7:1[mrp_rating_result]
Computerized tomography with angiography (CTA) of the entire aorta demonstrated an occluded distal infrarenal aorta with extension into the bilateral common femoral arteries (red outline), lack of flow through femoral arteries (yellow outline) and trickle flow reconstituted distally consistent with aortoiliac occlusive disease (blue outline). Some small segments of the proximal celiac axis showed signs of occlusion (purple outline). A short segment of non-specific bowel wall thickening, which may have been related to ischemic changes, was also seen (not seen on images). The included coronal slice shows the extent of the bilateral occlusive burden, with three-dimensional reconstruction emphasizing the same findings.
Cardiology/VascularVisual EM
Creative Commons images

A Case Report of Aortic Dissection Involving the Aortic Root, Left Common Carotid Artery, and Iliac Arteries

Miguel Angel Martinez-Romo MD* and Christopher Eric McCoy MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8V93K Issue 7:1[mrp_rating_result]
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the thoracic and abdominal aorta revealed an aortic dissection of the ascending aorta, with a dissection flap starting from the aortic root/aortic annulus (yellow arrows), extending into the aortic arch (light blue arrowhead) and involving the left common carotid artery (purple arrow), left subclavian artery (pink arrow), extending to the descending aorta (red arrows), and into the bilateral iliacs (green arrows). The true lumen (red star) and false lumen (blue star) created by the dissection flap can best be seen in the axial views.
Cardiology/VascularVisual EM

Cardiac Arrest in an Adolescent with Pulmonary Embolism

Matthew Myers, DO* and Courtney Devlin, MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8135T Issue 6:4[mrp_rating_result]
ABSTRACT: Audience: The target audience of this simulation is emergency medicine residents and medical students. The simulation is based on a real case of a 13-year-old female who presented with seizures and hypoxia and was ultimately diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. The case highlights diagnosis and management of an adolescent with new onset seizures, deterioration in status, and treatment options in
Cardiology/VascularPediatricsSimulation