Toxicology

Methemoglobinemia

Ibrahim Alagha, BS*, Ghadeer Doman, MD^  and Shaza Aouthmany, MD†

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8PH1B Issue 7:4 No ratings yet.
At the end of this simulation case, participants should be able to: 1) recognize shortness of breath, cyanosis and respiratory distress, and the difference between all of them based on the clinical presentation 2) identify the underlying cause of the condition by conducting a thorough history and physical 3) know how to identify and treat methemoglobinemia by ordering necessary labs and interventions and understand the pathophysiology leading to methemoglobinemia 4) recognize patient’s response to treatment and continue to reassess.
Current IssueSimulationToxicology

Mushroom for Improvement Case Report: The Importance of Involving Mycologists

Gary Bhagat, MD*, Marit Tweet, MD^ and Steven Aks, MD^†

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8ZW7W Issue 7:4 No ratings yet.
The mushroom displayed here is large and lacks any gills. Small puffball mushrooms can resemble young immature button top Amanita type mushrooms. Opening the Amanita mushroom should reveal apparent gills and quickly differentiate the two- -the puffball mushroom should have a white interior without gills.
Abdominal/GastroenterologyCurrent IssueToxicologyVisual EM

Cyanide Poisoning

Ghadeer Doman, MD*, Jihad Aoun, MS^, Joshua Truscinski, MS^, Mariah Truscinski, MD^ and Shaza Aouthmany, MD^

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J80W76 Issue 7:3 No ratings yet.
After the completion of this simulation, participants will have learned how to: 1) identify clues of smoke inhalation based on a physical examination; 2) identify smoke inhalation-induced airway compromise and perform definitive management; 3) create a differential diagnosis for victims of fire cyanide poisoning, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; 4) appropriately treat cyanide poisoning; 5) demonstrate the importance of preemptively treating for cyanide poisoning; 6) perform an initial physical examination and identify physical marks suggesting the patient is a fire and smoke inhalation victim; and 7) familiarize themselves with the Cyanokit and treatment with hydroxocobalamin.
SimulationToxicology

Management of Poisoned Patients: Implementing a Blended Toxicology Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents

Madeline Dwyer, MD*, Megan Stobart-Gallagher, DO*, Jared Kilpatrick, MD* and Alanna O’Connell, DO^

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8C937 Issue 7:2 No ratings yet.
The goal of this curriculum is to introduce EM residents to core toxicology concepts and to reinforce toxicology principles through a multimodal approach that leads to increased confidence in the management of poisoned patients on shift.
CurriculumToxicology

Infant Botulism

Victoria Morris, MD*, Robert Wians, MD, MPH*, Jessica Wilson, MD* and Gowri Stevens, MD* 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8X35W Issue 7:2 No ratings yet.
After this simulation learners should be able to: 1) develop a differential diagnosis for the hypotonic infant, 2) recognize signs and symptoms of infant botulism, 3) recognize respiratory failure and secure the airway with appropriate rapid sequence intubation (RSI)  medications, 4) initiate definitive treatment of infant botulism by mobilizing resources to obtain antitoxin, 5) continue supportive management and admit the patient to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), 6) understand the pathophysiology and epidemiology of infant botulism, 7) develop communication and leadership skills when evaluating and managing critically ill infants. 
PediatricsSimulationToxicology

Let’s Escape Didactics: Virtual Escape Room as a Didactic Modality in Residency

Anisha Turner, MD*, Aleksandr M Tichter, MD, MS* and M Tyson Pillow, MD, MEd*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8CH2X Issue 6:2 No ratings yet.
By the end of the activity, learners should be able to: 1) identify the hazardous chemicals associated with house fires; 2) classify burn injury according to depth, extent and severity based on established standards; 3) recall the actions to take in response to fire emergencies (R.A.C.E. and P.A.S.S. acronyms); 4) recall key laboratory features of cyanide and carbon monoxide poisonings; 5) identify appropriate management strategies for smoke inhalation injuries; 6) recite the treatment for cyanide and carbon monoxide poisonings; 7) describe the management of the burn injuries; 8) communicate and collaborate as a team to arrive at solutions of problems; 9) display task-switching and leadership skills during exercise; and 10) evaluate virtual escape room experience.
Small Group LearningToxicology

Botulism

John Thompson, MD*, Zane Horowitz, MD* and Adam Blumenberg, MD*^

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8FD0R Issue 6:1 No ratings yet.
By the end of this simulation learners will be able to: 1) develop a differential for descending paralysis and recognize the signs and symptoms of botulism; 2) understand the importance of consulting public health authorities to obtain botulinum antitoxin in a timely fashion; 3) recognize that botulism will progress during the time period antitoxin is obtained. Early indications of respiratory compromise are expected to worsen during this time window. Secondary learning objectives include: 4) employ advanced evaluation for neurogenic respiratory failure such as physical examination, negative inspiratory force (NIF), forced vital capacity (FVC), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), 5) discuss and review the pathophysiology of botulism, 6) discuss the epidemiology of botulism.
NeurologySimulationToxicology

Approach to the Poisoned Patient

Kennon Heard, MD* and Matthew Zuckerman, MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8264S Issue 6:1 No ratings yet.
By the end of the lecture, learners should be able to: 1) initiate the evaluation of a poisoned patient, 2) identify key interventions to support airway, breathing, and circulation, 3) identify the three components of risk assessment in the poisoned patient, 4) list the four options for gastric decontamination, and 5) select standard diagnostic labs and tests commonly used in evaluating poisoned patients.
LecturesToxicology

Case Report: Antifreeze Ingestion and Urine Fluorescence

Taras Varshavsky, MD* and Meigra Myers Chin, MD *

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8G05T Issue 5:1 No ratings yet.
The patient’s urine sample (right) was compared to a control (left) using a Wood’s lamp. It revealed light green fluorescence under ultraviolet light, which increased suspicion for ethylene glycol poisoning from antifreeze ingestion.
ToxicologyVisual EM

Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose

Patrick G Meloy, MD*, Amit Bhambri, MD^ and Megan C Henn, MD*

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J85W50Issue 4:3 No ratings yet.
At the end of this oral boards session, learners will be able to: 1) discuss the appropriate laboratory testing and workup for a patient with undifferentiated altered mental status, 2) discuss the importance of obtaining an ECG in a timely manner in order to investigate the broad differential of altered mental status, 3) identify the classic ECG findings of a patient with TCA overdose, 4) review the treatment of TCA overdose, 5) discuss the appropriate disposition of a patient with TCA overdose.
Oral BoardsToxicology