• Registration
  • Login
JETem
  • Home
  • About
    • Aim and Scope
    • Our Team
    • Editorial Board
    • FAQ
  • Issues
    • Current Issue
    • Ahead of Print
    • Past Issues
  • Visual EM
    • Latest Visual EM
    • Search Visual EM
    • Thumbnail Library
  • For Authors
    • Instructions for Authors
    • Submit to JETem
    • Photo Consent
    • Policies
      • Peer Review Policy
      • Copyright Policy
      • Editorial Policy, Ethics and Responsibilities
      • Conflicts of Interest & Informed Consent
      • Open Access Policy
  • For Reviewers
    • Instructions for JETem Reviewers
    • Interested in Being a JETem Reviewer?
  • Topic
    • Abdominal / Gastroenterology
    • Administration
    • Board Review
    • Cardiology / Vascular
    • Clinical Informatics, Telehealth and Technology
    • Dermatology
    • EMS
    • Endocrine
    • ENT
    • Faculty Development
    • Genitourinary
    • Geriatrics
    • Hematology / Oncology
    • Infectious Disease
    • Miscellaneous
    • Neurology
    • Ob / Gyn
    • Ophthalmology
    • Orthopedics
    • Pediatrics
    • Procedures
    • Psychiatry
    • Renal / Electrolytes
    • Respiratory
    • Toxicology
    • Trauma
    • Ultrasound
    • Wellness
    • Wilderness
  • Modality
    • Curricula
    • Innovations
    • Lectures
    • Oral Boards
    • Podcasts
    • Simulation
    • Small Group Learning
    • Team Based Learning
    • Visual EM
  • Contact Us

Type 1 Brugada Syndrome

Sha Yan, DO*, Grant Wei, MD* and Chirag Shah, MD*

*Rutgers – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ

Correspondence should be addressed to Chirag Shah, MD at shahcn@rwjms.rutgers.edu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21980/J8V91T Issue 3:2
Cardiology/VascularVisual EM
No ratings yet.

History of present illness:

A 56-year-old male, with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, presented with chest pain, fever, and abdominal pain associated with diarrhea, one day post colonoscopy, for which an electrocardiogram (ECG) was done. On further review of history, the patient reported a syncopal episode 2 monthprior. Additionally, he reports a brother who died of sudden cardiac death (SCD) at the age 50.

Significant findings:

ECG shows an incomplete right bundle branch block (blue arrow) with coved ST segment elevation and an inverted T wave in V1 (red arrow) and ST segment elevation in V2 (black arrow).

Discussion:

Brugada syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease with mutations in the cardiac sodium channel. It is highly associated with ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in predominately middle-aged males.1 The diagnosis is based on a particular ECG pattern described by the Brugada brothers in 1992.2 There are 3 types of Brugada patterns. Our patient’s ECG was consistent with type 1, which is diagnostic and is characterized by a coved ST segment elevation greater than 2mm followed by a negative T wave in the precordial leads.3 Other types include type 2, which shows a saddle-back ST segment elevation with a J-wave greater than 2mm followed by a positive or biphasic T wave, and type 3, which shows ST elevation less than 2 mm in either coved or saddle-back type T wave.4

Patients with Brugada syndrome often present with syncope, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, or SCD, with a family history of similar episodes. The presence of fever, alcohol intake, sodium channel blockers, cocaine use, and electrolyte imbalances can significantly increase the incidence of arrhythmia.1 The risk of cardiac events in patients with type 1 Brugada and syncope is 1.9% per year and 7.7% per year in those with aborted SCD.3 An implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) is the main treatment for symptomatic patients.  Those who are asymptomatic or those with type 2 or 3 morphology should undergo further genetic testing and risk stratification for ICD placement.1

Our patient had a negative cardiac catheterization but with his ECG pattern along with his history of syncope and family history of SCD, he was diagnosed with type 1 Brugada syndrome and received an ICD.

Topics:

EKG, ECG, cardiology, Brugada, arrhythmia.

References:

  1. Gourraud JB, Barc J, Thollet A, Le Marec H, Probst V. Brugada syndrome: diagnosis, risk stratification and management. Arch of Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;110(3):188-195. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.09.009
  2. Brugada P, Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. A multicenter report. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(6):1391-1396.
  3. Antzelevitch C, Patocskai B. Brugada syndrome: clinical, genetic, molecular, cellular, and ionic aspects. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2016;41(1):7-57. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2015.06.002
  4. Mizusawa Y, Wilde AA. Brugada syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(3):606-616.  doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.111.964577
Icon

Type 1 Brugada - Case Report

1 file(s) 495 KB
Download
Icon

Type 1 Brugada - Images

1 file(s) 390 KB
Download
ECGIssue 3:2

Reviews:

No ratings yet.

Please rate this





Acute comminuted intertrochanteric hip fracture

13 Apr, 18

Scaphoid Fracture

13 Apr, 18
JETem is an online, open access, peer-reviewed journal-repository for EM educators

Most Viewed

  • Telemedicine Consult for Shortness of Breath Due to Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema
  • Anticholinergic Toxicity in the Emergency Department
  • The Suicidal Patient in the Emergency Department Team-Based Learning Activity
  • Child Maltreatment Education: Utilizing an Escape Room Activity to Engage Learners on a Sensitive Topic
  • Acute Chest Syndrome

Visit Our Collaborators

About

Education

Learners should benefit from active learning. JETem accepts submissions of team-based learning, small group learning, simulation, podcasts, lectures, innovations, curricula, question sets, and visualEM.

Scholarship

We believe educators should advance through the scholarship of their educational work. JETem gives educators the opportunity to publish scholarly academic work so that it may be widely distributed, thereby increasing the significance of their results.

Links

  • Home
  • Aim and Scope
  • Current Issue
  • For Reviewers
  • Instructions for Authors
  • Contact Us

Newsletter

Sign up to receive updates from JETem regarding newly published issues and findings.

Copyright © 2016 JETem. All rights reserved.